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A sudden feeling of alienation overcomes me as I wander the streets
of a strange city. Not because the city is a strange one. Nor because
I am abroad, in a foreign-language environment.
But because the street-names are written
in only one language. It is as if reality has been flattened, the
street-signs censored, or as if some part of my body were missing.
It is not easy to understand the experience
if one has lived in a single-language environment, whether in Madrid,
Stockholm or Tampere.
But the gaze of a Finnish-speaker in
Helsinki has grown used to seeing the city as two. In Helsinki, even
many advertisements are bilingual: for example, a bank may advertise
prosperity in its display windows in both Finnish and Swedish. The
gaze always seeks the mother-tongue, but encounters another language.
There is always a different way of saying the same thing. A strange
way one doesn't quite understand.
My father spoke only Finnish; my mother was Finland-Swedish. I could
well belong among the group of bilingual citizens which are counted
as Finland-Swedish. But this is not the case. I speak only school
Swedish, which is, for Finns, a compulsory basic skill, because Finland
remains a bilingual country.
Education, civil services and overdue
notices are provided in Swedish for a minority of about 300,000 people.
What has, on the other hand, been scandalous is that, because of a
lack of language skills on the part of lawyers, it is today difficult
to guarantee legal services in their own language.
Can there, then, be said to be equality
before the law?
In principle, however, everything is
nevertheless well. The position of the Finland-Swedish minority is
strong, even though its proportion of the population is now only 6
per cent. The reasons for the strong position are mainly historical:
Finland formed part of the kingdom of Sweden from 1521 right up to
1809, when the official language was, naturally, Swedish.
Even afterwards, the Swedish-speaking
population has been so influential in terms of culture and prosperity
that the Swedish-speaking 'better folk' are still cursed in the city.
The workers and farmers are easily forgotten.
Because of its bilinguality, two separate literary histories are also
written in Finland. Of these, the Finnish-language version is a slower
sequence of changes, and as such original. The Finland-Swedish version,
on the other hand, has been more avant garde - and as such highly
original.
Sometimes it seems as if Finland-Swedish
writers write their works on the cruise-ships that ply between Finland
and Sweden, between two literatures, in no-man's-land. The setting
is often Finnish, but literary influences have arrived in Finland-Swedish
literature rapidly from continental Europe, flowed from Stockholm
to Helsinki, but also from Helsinki to Stockholm.
In recent years, however, Sweden has
turned its back on Finland-Swedish literature, and it is no longer
distributed in Sweden as much as a matter of course as before. At
the Finnish end, of course, there is the language barrier, which is
overcome from time to time.
The poet Peter Mickwitz and the translator
Tarja Roinila have overcome the language barrier. At this moment,
they are working on a criss-crossing pair of anthologies: contemporary
Finland-Swedish poetry in Finnish, and Finnish poetry in Swedish.
When these books are ready to read and
the different traditions flow into one another, new variations may
be born in Finnish, in which conviction will encounter lightness,
the sharpness of the image the accuracy of rhythm, intellectuality
corporeality.
As if, once more, one were to see the
street-signs of one's home town in two languages.
Jyrki Kiiskinen
Editor-in-chief
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